Democratic Elections & Economic Growth (2000 – Present)
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End of PRI Dominance (2000 Election)
In 2000, Mexico held one of its most historic elections. For the first time since 1929, a non-PRI candidate won the presidency:
• Vicente Fox of the National Action Party (PAN) defeated the PRI candidate, marking the end of one-party rule.
• This election was seen as a major step towards democracy, with greater political competition and media freedom.
Continued Political Changes
Since 2000, Mexico has experienced more competitive elections:
• Felipe Calderón (PAN) (2006-2012) focused on fighting drug cartels, leading to increased violence.
• Enrique Peña Nieto (PRI) (2012-2018) returned the PRI to power but faced corruption scandals.
• Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) (2018-Present), from the MORENA party, introduced social welfare programs and economic reforms.
Economic Growth and Global Trade
Mexico has become a top global economy with strong ties to the United States and Canada.
• NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) (1994) boosted Mexico's economy by increasing exports.
• USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement) (2020) replaced NAFTA and strengthened economic cooperation.
• Mexico is a manufacturing powerhouse, producing cars, electronics, and industrial goods.
• The country has the 15th largest economy in the world.
Challenges & Future
Despite economic growth, Mexico faces significant challenges:
• Drug Cartels & Violence: Ongoing battles between cartels and government forces.
• Corruption & Political Scandals: Government accountability remains a major issue.
• Migration & Relations with the US: Many Mexicans migrate to the US for better opportunities.
• Climate Change & Environmental Issues: Water shortages and pollution affect major cities.